Deep oil spills facts, fate, and effects steven murawski. Adapted by florida sea grant anna hinkeldeyusf with permission from cwcjoel fodrie. The purpose of this progress report is to evaluate oil spill modeling research as a knowledge domain. The poseidon oil spill model has been implemented at the hellenic centre for marine research hcmr and it is used operationally for the aegean and ionian seas. In their plastic bins, students model oil spills by placing sand on one side to represent a beach, and filling the rest of the bin with water. Your book will be printed and delivered directly from one of three print stations, allowing you to profit from economic shipping to any country in the world. Other processes such as photooxidation, sedimentation and oil fines interaction are introduced. About 25% of the oil remains in the water column and most of the oil is below 800 m. The disabled vessel, the tb dbl 152, discharges oil into the gulf of mexico in 2005. Therefore, a highresolution hydrodynamic model was needed for the modeling of the oil spill in the english bay and vancouver harbour. She is a biological oceanographer with interests in larval ecology and biophysical interactions. Arctic modeling oil spills in the beaufort, bering and. The epa basic oil spill cost estimation model boscem was developed to provide the us.
Estimate the trajectory of spills by processing information that you provide about wind and weather conditions, circulation patterns, river flow, and the oil spill s you wish to. Oil spills may be due to releases of crude oil from tankers, offshore platforms, drilling. The steps taken to handle the spill included stopping the spill, containing the oil and removing the oil. Another shortterm impact of an oil spill is that it can literally cause marine. Weisberg1 in response to the massive deepwater horizon oil spill in the gulf of mexico. I am a third grade teacher and the book oil spill was a fantastic addition to my science hands on lesson on causes and effects of oil spills and on the environment and wildlife in america. Due to the 3d nature of the oil dispersion in water, the 3d modeling of oil concentration is important while the most oil spill models are based on the prediction of oil slick path on the water surface. Oil spill trajectory modeling report in burrard inlet for the trans mountain expansion project. This report provides a technical explanation of spill trajectory analysis and how it differs from oil spill trajectory modeling.
View oil spill modeling research papers on academia. As already described, the extended dhi oil spill model divides oil into three main fractions. The model predicts the extent of areas affected by oil and provides maps of oil concentration. This book will be of value to scientists interested in the deepwater horizon oil spill, the gulf of mexico, and the potential for conveyance of oil spilled in the gulf of mexico to the north atlantic.
Synthetic aperture radar sar deployed in the satellite currently becomes an important tool that can be used to monitor the oil spill 5. Numerical modeling, oil spill, oil slick movement, pollution, advection, diffusion. Introduction to spill modeling handbook of oil spill. On the modeling of the 2010 gulf of mexico oil spill. The model system provides the risk of spilled oil at a certain place in the model area where the oil originates from likely and unlikely accidents of any type at any. Using bibliometric analysis techniques, we constructed a cocitation network for exploring key areas of research and seminal papers to highlight the evolution of oil spill research over the past 50 years. The impact of an oil spill on commercial fisheries and aquaculture would depend, for instance, upon factors including the oil spills volume and location relative to fishingcultivation areas. Pdf threedimensional oil spill modelling for coastal waters. Monitoring and modeling the deepwater horizon oil spill by. Pdf introduction to oil spill modeling researchgate.
Oil spill trajectory modeling report in burrard inlet for. Evaporation occurs when the lighter or more volatile substances within the oil mixture become vapors and. Dhi oil spill model, oil spill template, scientific description. In case of a real oil spill, we would respond immediately. In a shoreline environment, offroad vehicles offer a safe and efficient way of moving equipment in the spill location. These modeling tools are used for noaas spill response support and are also publicly available for use by the broader academic, response, and oil spill planning. This is a particularly dangerous gas and should be treated with extreme caution.
Various scenarios were analyzed for each of the four types of oil spill resulting in a total of 22 models of unique oil spills see appendix a for a detailed list of the 22 scenarios. A more technical audience may include those interested in oil spill detection, trajectory model forecasting, and risk analyses and those with an. Other processes such as photooxidation, sedimentation, and oil fines interaction are introduced. Sayol and xianlong hou abstract quantifying uncertainties in realtime operational oil spill forecasts remains an outstanding problem, but one that should be solvable with present science. They experience the steps of the engineering design process, starting by brainstorming ways to clean up oil spills, and then designing, building and redesigning oil booms to prevent the spread of oil on water. An application of 2d oil spill model to mersin coast. She has over 170 publications, including the probabilistic opensource connectivity modeling system used worldwide to predict dispersion and population connectivity and. Oil spill response overview handbook 3 safety during an oil spill, responders may be exposed to hazards from the spilt oil. Although significant steps have been taken over the last 15 years to reduce the size and frequency of oil spills, the sheer volume of petroleum consumed in this country and the complex production and distribution network required to meet the demand make spills of oil and other petroleum products inevitable nrc, 2003. The hebei spirit oil spill hsos in december 7, 2007, was the worst oil spill recorded in korea, with the release of approximately 10,900 tons of crude oil and 375 km of coastline polluted along the west coast of korea. A recordbreaking enterprise presents an overview of some of the significant work that was conducted in immediate response to the oil spill in the gulf of mexico in 2010. A previous oil spill modeling study was completed for the hebron project in 2010 amec, 2010. Students learn about oil spills and their environmental and economic impact. Osis was jointly developed by bmt and aea technology plc.
Completely new case studies are included with special attention to the deepwater horizon event. Oil spill modelling simulates the fate of oil spilled accidentally. Cowis strategic model is based on a system of models describing the full chain of the main processes involved. From gisbased screening to the next level 7 basic intermediate advanced where would oil move if released. It includes studies of in situ and remotely sensed observations and laboratory and numerical model studies on the four. For each scenario the following specifications were considered. Handbook of oil spill science and technology wiley online books.
Oil spill models mediterranean decision support system. Immediately after the spill, and based on the national contingency plan, the korean coast guard, together with associated. During a concluding reflective session, students come up with ideas on how to reduce oil consumption to. It is a fully 3d oil spill model capable to simulate the movement, spreading and aging of the oil particles in the 3d space. Oil spills can also affect our rivers and other freshwater. Each oil spill will have a different impact on the natural environment based on the type and amount of oil spilled, location of spill, current weather conditions and the breeding cyclemigration patterns of local wildlife. Oil spill challenge introduction an oil spill can happen on the ocean when a ship carrying big containers of petroleum oil starts to leak. Solomon and janseen 2010 examined the long and shortterm effects of the deepwater horizon oil spill and found that ecosystems will suffer for decades while recovering from a spill.
Although spill modeling and supporting information systems are well developed, they are not commonly used in response to nonfloating oil spills because of limited environmental data and observations of oil suspended in the water or deposited on the seabed. Although numerous oil spills have impacted the world, this study focuses on two oil spills in the gulf of mexico, the ixtoc i oil spill 1979 and the deepwater horizon oil spill 2010 dwh, and the exxon valdez oil spill in alaska 1989. Covers the science of oil spills from risk analysis to cleanup and through the effects on the environment includes case studies examining and analyzing spills, such as tasman spirit oil spill on the karachi coast, and provides lessons to prevent these in the future. Overall, gnome and blosom perform similarly, and are found to be complementary oil spill models. The deepwater horizon oil spill also referred to as the bp oil spill, oil leak, or oil disaster.
A monte carlo method was used to model oil removal processes. Coverage, in these cases, is specifically confined to relevant monitoring undertaken as part of the response and. Diagram of scientifically documented impacts from the deepwater horizon oil spill, organized by level. Envisat asar image analysis for oil spill monitoring of prestige oil tanker desaster duration. This oil spill damaged 1,250 miles of alaskas coastline. Oil spill science and technology, second edition, delivers a multicontributed view on the entire chain of oilspill related topics from oil properties and behaviors, to remote sensing through the management side of contingency planning and communicating oil spill risk perceptions. What gnome can do gnome is a trajectory model that can. Summaries are given of the important processes such as evaporation, waterin oil emulsification, natural dispersion, and dissolution.
The gnome general noaa operational modeling environment suite is a set of modeling tools for predicting the fate and transport of pollutants such as oil spilled in water. Oil spill models mediterranean decision support system for. A modeling study on the oil spill of mv marathassa in. Handbook of oil spill science and technology wiley. Bmts oil spill information system osis model can simulate the fate and dispersion of surface oil slicks. A brief introduction into oil spill modeling is presented. Osis is a particletracking model that represents an oil slick as a collection of free moving particles, which simulate the spreading slick. It also highlights ways scientists clean up both small and large oil spills. Threedimensional oil spill modelling for coastal waters article pdf available in journal of marine environmental engineering 74. The trajectory modeling forecast errors for the oil released from the breakup of the tv puerto rican introduced the concept of uncertainty in trajectory modeling to the oil spill response community simecekbeatty, 2010.
Figure 4 travel distance versus spill rate for spill angle of 180o over two hours conclusion this paper presents a simplified model to determine the asphalt oil movement on a sloping ground. Oil spill monitoring handbook for pdfing shoreline scat. In the ocean oil spills appear as slicks that generally could be distinguished by sar imagery as dark patches 567. Department of energy under contract deac0676rlo 1830 pacific northwest national laboratory richland, washington 99352. This paper also sheds light on what drove the historical point wells spill, and serves the additional purpose of being a learning resource for those interested in oil spill modeling.
It includes studies of in situ and remotely sensed observations and laboratory. Dataassimilative models produced the most accurate trajectories. Highlights two oil particle trajectory forecasting systems for the 2010 deepwater horizon oil spill in the gulf of mexico are presented. This event illustrated the difficulty of predicting a sudden transition, in this case, a reversal in the coastal current. Presentation at 68 april 2004 freshwater spills symposium 1 modeling oil spill response and damage costs. Forensic trajectory modeling of marine oil spills pdf free. Jan 01, 2011 monitoring and modeling the deepwater horizon oil spill. Simulations were allowed to run until the spill terminated on. Introduction to monitoring and modeling the deepwater horizon. Nov 14, 2014 covers the science of oil spills from risk analysis to cleanup and through the effects on the environment includes case studies examining and analyzing spills, such as tasman spirit oil spill on the karachi coast, and provides lessons to prevent these in the future. The term is usually given to marine oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters, but spills may also occur on land. Apr 30, 2019 the gnome general noaa operational modeling environment suite is a set of modeling tools for predicting the fate and transport of pollutants such as oil spilled in water.
Arctic summar y report modeling oil spills in the beaufort. Larger vehicles, such as 4x4s and tractor units can also be provided to transport people and equipment. The short term impact of an oil spill is that it kills creatures in the marine environment presumably because oil blocks gills and acts as a thick coat over plant life stewart, 2005. Generally we use premium shipping with an estimated delivery time of 512 business days. Previous studies have focused on case analysis of specific spills and their effects.
How quickly could a spill reach a location under a range of flow conditions. Oil spill model results are used by industry and government to assist in planning and emergency decisionmaking. Oil spill science and technology, second edition, delivers a multicontributed view on the entire chain of oil spill related topics from oil properties and behaviors, to remote sensing through the management side of contingency planning and communicating oil spill risk perceptions. More than 6,500 calculations of oil spill trajectories were made with real data for a 12year period.
It discusses mainly the major oil spill from the exxon valdez that spilled 11 million gallons of oil. Other processes such as photooxidation, sedimentation, and oilfines interaction are introduced. Monitoring and modeling the deepwater horizon oil spill. Also, the oil volumes are equivalent to the flow from an unrestricted open hole. Oil spill trajectory modeling report in burrard inlet for the. Introduction to monitoring and modeling the deepwater horizon oil spill yonggang liu,1 amy macfadyen,2 zhengang ji,3 and robert h. I highly recommend it and the pictures and content are relevant for elementary age children.
Often, the overland flow was referred to the runoff flow that is a transitional or fully turbulent flow yen in 1991. It also has a section telling kids how to help reduce the usage of oil, indirectly reducing the amount of oil spills. As a result of the 1989 exxon valdez oil spill in prince william sound, congress passed the oil pollution act of 1990 opa 90. Modeling oil spill response and damage costs dagmar.
An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially the marine ecosystem, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution. Oil spill contingency plans, therefore, specify appropriate response to. By modelling a series of the most likely oil spill scenarios, decisions concerning suitable response measures and strategic locations for stockpiling equipment and materials can be made. The locations shown to be the most vulnerable can be identified, the logistics of responding to these locations studied and response equipment placed accordingly. Summaries and wellknown predictions are given of the important processes such as evaporation, waterin oil emulsification, natural dispersion, and. Simulation of the 2003 foss barge point wells oil spill. Similarly, the lempertkeeneseastrand oil spill prevention and response ospr act of 1991 established the oil spill response program in california and directed the administrator of ospr to develop a research program designed to examine the effects of oil and oil spill response technologies on the environment. These droplets can also form a secondary slick or thin film on the surface of the water. And lastly, how experts attempt to clean up and contain the spill. In practice the hole would always have blockages caused by the drill pipe and blowout preventer. Paris is a pi for the cimage consortium, leading oil spill modeling research.
Forensic modeling techniques include such procedures as estimating the age of the slick based upon the degree of environmental weathering and tracking the oil back to its possible source by time. A modelling study of the drift and fate of large oil. In this activity, students learn about the second step in this process. Oil spills have significant short and longterm consequences for marine habitats. The whole mass of the oil is represented by a large number. Oil spill behavior and trajectory modeling are introduced. Oil spill monitoring handbook 3 currently, only type i oil spill monitoring costs are reimbursed by amsa and the msa under the respective australian and new zealand national marine pollution arrangements. In past years, many mathematical models were presented to simulate the oil spill behavior in marine environment alrabeh et al. Or if an oil drilling rig malfunctions, as with the 2010 deepwater horizon accident off the coast of louisiana. Summaries are given of the important processes such as evaporation, water. In this study, spill model simulations were run to determine the trajectory of the surface release of fuel oil spills at the bull arm site.